i think you'll get a lot of different opinions and every single person will think they're right; the reality is not many of those encounters were clear cut.
there seems to be one recurring issue especially at JFK, LAX and a few other big airports in the US: the controllers are using nonstandard phraseology and are speaking too quickly in accented english, it's contributing to a lot of problems with foreign pilots.
many american pilots and atc complain that foreign pilots should speak english better but i'm of the opinion that american controllers should use standard phraseology and speak slowly and clearly. there is NEVER a good time to speak so quickly that people start misunderstanding instructions.
besides that, the ICAO has an english test that non native english speakers have to pass; if they can pass it they are able to understand ATC instructions PROVIDED the instructions are given at a reasonable speed using standard phraseology. IMO there should also be regulations regarding the speed of speech, there should be a minimum and maximum speed for ATC instructions and readback to prevent auctioneer wannabees from getting carried away. lots of youtube videos of near-incidents with foreign pilots getting confused by ridiculously fast talking controllers.
as for american 2 heavy's emergency declaration, people have been fighting over that one for years now. if i remember correctly the captain was given a slap on the wrist, the situation probably could have been handled better by both ATC and the pilot. ATC needs to respect that landing near or above crosswind limits AND with the localizer down is not conducive to safe flying..!
cursing on the airwaves is a serious issue, it's illegal, it can lead not only to revocation of your radio license but also loss of your job and possibly even prison time. the FCC doesn't kid around on the vhf air bands, neither does the canadian equivalent of the FCC.