Most simple solution I can think of is to get a piece of plywood or MDF slightly bigger than the chair base. Sit the chair on it and mark where all the wheels are. Build up pieces of wood around the wheels to stop them moving. For added grip to the floor you could stick a piece of rubber to the underside of the sheet of wood.

Take off the wheels.

I'm assuming that you have hardwood floors? And that your office chair sits on that and rolls easily?

Go to Walmart, purchase a not to obnoxious bath mat (one of the large square ones) and place that under the wheels of your office chair. That should do the trick, cost less than $10 and no longer than it takes you to find one acceptable at your local Walmart. You could even test it by grabbing one of the bath mats from your current bathroom to see if that would work before investing in the trip to Walmart.

I fly and race from an office chair. I have that chair on carpet and experience no issue with a rolling chair. The carpet offers enough friction to keep the chair from rolling. I expect the bath mat would serve the same purpose.

Just my thoughts.