3. One comment on the Hungarian Ustka practice, based on Peter Skarus memories: DDR-Germans never used auto-launch. What's more, they were taught to absolutely ignore the UK-31M1 range rings! The decision to shoot was taken based only on own experience of the commander (and a bit of calculations taken in the memory in the meantime). According to the author, there were several reasons for that:
First - and what is not modelled in the game (maybe should be?)- the time between establishing a lock (or reporting "track" by all three manual trackers) and the machine starting to display the rings was supposed to be the sometimes vital 4 to 8 seconds (ah, those early analogue computers!).
Second - the German concept of "kill zone" was based on a bit different assumptions from UK-31M1 logic: UK-31M1 assumes that the target will not radically change course after missile launch. The Germans would shoot only when ANY maneuver using maximum assumed speed would not bring the target outside the missile range. If the course parameter was to be above 12,5 km (also calculated in memory, using just a ruler put on UK-31M1 screen!!) they did not shoot at all.


OK, this is getting deep into tactics.

Soviet manuals declare, that you should fire at the maximum range, to have chance of second salvo, if the first salvo misses.
This is how Hungarians were always practiced.

In Serbia during Operation Allied Force (1999), the operators were usually firing at minimum range, to limit SNR radiation time.

Last edited by Hpasp; 07/15/11 11:14 AM.

Hpasp
Free SAM Simulator, "Realistic to the Switch"

(U-2 over Sverdlovsk, B-52's over Hanoi, F-4 Phantoms over the Sinai, F-16's and the F-117A Stealth bomber over the Balkans.)
http://sites.google.com/site/samsimulator1972/home

Book from the author - Soviet Nuclear Weapons in Hungary 1961-1991
https://sites.google.com/view/nuclear-weapons-in-hungary/

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