I've always imagined that in non-radar-equipped aircraft, what I am seeing is simply target information fed by data channel from some JSTARS plane in the theater to one of my MFDs. That justification works for me, even if not every aircraft can do exactly that. Alternately, that radar is the map in my head from JSTARS target reports that one simply doesn't hear in game... lol
I'd go with this. If some sort of C2 asset is up above, he's probably beaming to everyone via Link 16, and thus, you have real time updates of targets in the area.
You're right, continuous updates of targets from your gunner of EVERYONE isn't realistic, but it makes up for the fact that you can see a bag guy and can't lock him up because your gunner is busy updating everything (ie, Link 16 is giving you everything but your gunner is task-saturated).